How is a diagnosis of mesothelioma confirmed?. Diagnosis of mesothelioma is usually performed on anamnesis, history of asbestos exposure, chest examination, and imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans. However, diagnostic confirmation is usually performed by biopsy.
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Diagnosis of mesothelioma
Diagnosis of mesothelioma is usually performed on anamnesis, history of asbestos exposure, chest examination, and imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans. However, confirmation of the examination is usually performed with a biopsy guided by thoracoscopy. Mesothelioma is sometimes diagnosed with sudden X-ray of the chest in patients without symptoms.
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History
Patients with pleural mesothelioma may develop abnormal complaints, such as cough (often dry cough), chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptoe, fatigue, fever and night sweats.
Meanwhile, in peritoneal mesothelioma, the most common symptoms are abdominal pain (in 27-58% of cases) abnormal and indirect, nausea, nausea, and night sweats.
In pericardial mesothelioma, patients may complain of chest pain and difficulty breathing. Meanwhile, in mesothelioma tunica vaginalis, the symptoms appear may be in the form of testicular nodules. The patient's work history and history of asbestos exposure should be considered because it is a major risk factor for mesothelioma.
Physical examination
Physical examination findings on mesothelioma are rare. In pleural mesothelioma, vocal cords may produce dull sound and sound may produce low airway sounds.
In peritoneal mesothelioma, the examination may reveal abdominal discomfort (30-80% of cases), severe abdominal (very rare) due to obstruction or rupture, and ascites (in 60-100% of cases ).
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Different Analysis
A separate diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma is a small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The histopathological features of NSCLC can be in the form of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. To determine the distinction between NSCLC and pleural mesothelioma, physicians usually perform an immunohistochemical panel examination.
The histopathological features of SCLC have spindle formation in circular cells, dark nuclei, and granular cytoplasm. In general, knowing how to distinguish these cancer cells from mesothelioma cancer cells, requires immunohistochemical panel examination.
Different diagnoses of peritoneal mesothelioma may be in the form of peritoneal carcinomatosis, ovarian carcinoma and lymphomatosis. In general, these different symptoms have similar histological features. However, the test can be identified by the use of immunohistochemical staining. The current recommendation is to use two appropriate symptoms for mesothelioma and two symptoms for other cancers.
Supporting research
For pleural mesothelioma, chest X-ray is often the first option. Meanwhile, CT scans can be used to diagnose pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma. The diagnostic test was performed with a biopsy of a fine needle attached to a contaminant immunohistochemical panel.
X-ray of the chest
A chest X-ray can be performed as an initial examination in patients suspected of having a pleural mesothelioma. The image that can be obtained is pleural effusion. Furthermore, pleural nodular thickening, abnormal thickening, or multiple localized lesions may also occur.
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
With different CT scans, peritoneal mesothelioma can be seen as a firm and distinct weight or a simple mass with abnormal boundaries. Peritoneal mesothelioma has the potential to extend beyond the internal penetration, so the mass of the tumor will appear differently in the abdominal area.
In addition, other areas that may be found are omental or omental mass, mesenteric nodules, peritoneal thickening, and loculated ascites.
CT scans of pleural mesothelioma are pleural effusion, pleural thickening, fissure involvement, and invasion of the thoracic wall. However, CT scan results are unable to determine whether effusion is caused by pleural mesothelioma or the result of metastatic malignancy of other organs.
Biopsy and Histopathological Examination
Can mesothelioma be diagnosed without biopsy?. A histopathological examination of the results of a good needlestick needle can confirm the diagnosis by immunohistochemical methods. Good needle surgery can be performed under the guidance of a CT scan or taken directly during laparoscopic procedure.
With peritoneal mesothelioma accompanied by ascites, paritentesis of ascitic fluid can be performed. However, cytological examination of tumor cells in the ascitic fluid is measured by the small number of tumor cells in the ascitic fluid and by the type of tumor cells in the ascitic fluid with very different cytological features.
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How is a diagnosis of mesothelioma confirmed?. The histological components of mesothelioma can be divided into three subgroups, namely epithelioid (75% of cases of mesothelioma), sarcomatoid (very rare), and biphasic / mixed (approximately 25% of cases). Immunohistochemical markers are used to help prevent various other diseases with similar histopathological features. However, to date there has been no specific immunohistochemical marker for mesothelioma.